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After 14 Years, Still Fighting in Afghanistan

Michael Kugelman

After 14 years of U.S. military support to Afghanistan, and more reconstruction assistance than was used for the Marshall Plan, how can the Taliban be capable of seizing a major Afghan city? And nearly a year after the official end of the U.S. combat mission, why are American troops still fighting?

After 14 Years, Still Fighting in Afghanistan

This week marked 14 years since the start of the U.S.-led offensive in Afghanistan鈥攖he longest war in U.S. history.

As I have written previously, and many polls have shown, most Americans seem eager to put this war behind them. 鈥淩aising the topic of Afghanistan these days is like mentioning morality,鈥 one observer writes. 鈥淭here鈥檚 a profound desire to change the subject.鈥

The war鈥檚 popularity has fallen considerably from the support it had in initial years. The conflict has also largely receded from headlines.

There are many reasons one could cite for how the 鈥済ood鈥 war鈥揳s opposed to Iraq鈥搘ent bad, but a simple and big one concerns objectives鈥搊r the lack thereof.

When U.S. forces entered Afghanistan in October 2001, their mandate was clear: Eliminate the sanctuaries that had enabled al Qaeda to plan the 9/11 attacks, and overthrow the Taliban regime that had served as al Qaeda鈥檚 hosts.

These two explicit goals, widely supported by a U.S. public still reeling from 9/11, were achieved fairly early on.

But things got more complicated as conflict alternately raged and staggered on in a nation where peace and stability have long been elusive, and where there is no historical legacy of strong, central institutions. Subsequent U.S. objectives in Afghanistan have never been as clearly articulated.

One goal that did remain clear was to make progress against a resilient Taliban insurgency. This drove the 2009 decision to send 30,000 more U.S. troops into Afghanistan.

The enhanced troop presence鈥攏umbering about 100,000 at the high-water mark in 2011鈥攄elivered some blows to the insurgency and helped impart valuable training to Afghanistan鈥檚 fledgling security forces.

Still, the insurgency hung on, and U.S. troops continued to die in attacks and through errors. How to 鈥渨in鈥 the war was no longer clear. Americans continued to ask why we were still fighting, until all but 9,800 soldiers had been withdrawn from Afghanistan at the end of 2014 and the U.S combat mission was ended.

In recent weeks, some uncomfortable questions have emerged.

Last week, the Taliban seized and briefly held the northern city of Kunduz. Afghan troops were able to wrest back control with help from U.S. Special Forces. But in an apparent effort to target Taliban forces in the city, a U.S. airstrike hit a Doctors Without Borders hospital last weekend, killing 19 people, including medical staff and patients.

After 14 years of U.S. military support to Afghanistan, and more reconstruction assistance than was used for the Marshall Plan, how can the Taliban be capable of seizing a major Afghan city? And nearly a year after the official end of the U.S. combat mission, why are American troops still fighting?

After 14 years of U.S. military support to Afghanistan, and more reconstruction assistance than was used for the Marshall Plan, how can the Taliban be capable of seizing a major Afghan city?

The answers鈥攁 resilient insurgency, capacity-constrained Afghan forces, vague rules of engagement for U.S. and coalition troops鈥攁re sobering. So are the implications: Many Americans may be uncomfortable with the war in Afghanistan. But it, and U.S. involvement, won't end anytime soon.

The opinions expressed here are those solely of the author.

This article was originally published in The

About the Author

Michael Kugelman

Michael Kugelman

Director, South Asia Institute
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Indo-Pacific Program

The Indo-Pacific Program promotes policy debate and intellectual discussions on US interests in the Asia-Pacific as well as political, economic, security, and social issues relating to the world鈥檚 most populous and economically dynamic region.聽  Read more