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Richard Arnold is Associate Professor of Political Science at Muskingum University where he teaches comparative politics and international relations. A member of the PONARS network, Arnold's 2016 book Russian Nationalism and Ethnic Violence: Symbolic Violence, Lynching, Pogrom, and Massacre (Routledge, 2016) focused on skinhead and Cossack violence in Russia. He is working on the evolution of Russia' increasingly important Cossack movement (which has provided 50,000 troops for the war to date) and a related project on the Ahiska [Meskhetian] Turks who have fled Russia.